Even the Baltic states, the most independently minded of the republics, operated along these lines. Other republics, such as those in Central Asia, were not struggling at all against the Union for political independence.
However, Plokhii stated that this action alone did not precipitate the end of the USSR and independence of its constituent parts. Plokhii contended that only the exit of the Baltic States was inevitable at that moment; the status of other republics like Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Ukraine was not fully understood until December Consequently, Plokhii focused on the five month period between August and December , because it was still not clear at the time what would happen to the Soviet Union.
Early on in this period the goal of both Russian and republic elites was to save the Soviet Union in some form. The Russian democratic movement starting in undertook a widespread switch in allegiance from Soviet to Russian institutions to realize their political aspirations. The Russian democratic leaders believed it would get more traction in the Russian Duma than in the all-Union Supreme Soviet, because Gorbachev was mobilizing the more conservative votes in the Union parliament against the democratic movement.
This switch in allegiance was facilitated by the institutional structure at the time, which consisted of parallel national and republic state structures.
On December 30, , the U. Monitor sinks in a storm off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Just nine months earlier, the ship had been part of a revolution in naval warfare when the ironclad dueled to a standstill with the C.
Virginia Merrimack off Hampton Roads, Virginia, Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. World War II. Just six years after Mikhail Gorbachev came to power as General Secretary of the Communist Party and introduced reforms, the Soviet Union collapsed and newly formed independent nations arose from the ashes.
What went wrong? In , even many of the most conservative hardliners By December 25, , Mikhail Gorbachev was a president without a country. Once the From early Mongol invasions to tsarist regimes to ages of enlightenment and industrialization to revolutions and wars, Russia is known not just for its political rises of world power and upheaval, but for its cultural contributions think ballet, Tolstoy, Tchaikovsky, caviar and Boris Yeltsin served as the president of Russia from until Though a Communist Party member for much of his life, he eventually came to believe in both democratic and free market reforms, and played an instrumental role in the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The Russian Revolution of was one of the most explosive political events of the twentieth century. The violent revolution marked the end of the Romanov dynasty and centuries of Russian Imperial rule. During the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks, led by leftist Live TV. This Day In History. History Vault. The Great Purge Amid confusion and resistance to collectivization in the countryside, agricultural productivity dropped.
Recommended for you. Soviet Union. Soviets Launch Sputnik. Joseph Stalin. Russia Timeline: From Invasions to Enlightenments to Upheavals From early Mongol invasions to tsarist regimes to ages of enlightenment and industrialization to revolutions and wars, Russia is known not just for its political rises of world power and upheaval, but for its cultural contributions think ballet, Tolstoy, Tchaikovsky, caviar and Boris Yeltsin Boris Yeltsin served as the president of Russia from until An intensive restructuring of the economy, industry and politics of the country began in the early days of Soviet power in A large part of this was done according to the Bolshevik Initial Decrees, government documents signed by Vladimir Lenin.
One of the most prominent breakthroughs was the GOELRO plan, which envisioned a major restructuring of the Soviet economy based on total electrification of the country.
The plan was developed in and covered a to year period. It included construction of a network of 30 regional power stations, including ten large hydroelectric power plants and numerous electric-powered large industrial enterprises.
The plan became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans and was fulfilled by During the Civil War —21 , the Bolsheviks adopted war communism, which entailed the breakup of the landed estates and the forcible seizure of agricultural surpluses.
Many city dwellers fled to the countryside, often to tend the land that the Bolshevik breakup of the landed estates had transferred to the peasants.
Strong opposition soon developed. The peasants wanted cash payments for their products and resented having to surrender their surplus grain to the government as a part of its civil war policies. The peasants were freed from wholesale levies of grain and allowed to sell their surplus produce in the open market.
Commerce was stimulated by permitting private retail trading.
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