The element is a slider control. See the input:range element for details. The element is a reset button. Clicking on a reset button resets all controls in the form to their initial values. See the input:reset element for details. The element is a single-line text input control with a search history dropdown list. See the input:search element for details.
The element is a submit button. Clicking on a submit button sends the named contents of the form. See the input:submit element for details. The element is a single-line text input control.
See the input:text element for details. Copy Code. It is a helpful aid to guide users to fill out a form accurately, and it can save time: it is useful to know that your data is not correct immediately, rather than having to wait for a round trip to the server. But it should not be considered an exhaustive security measure! Your apps should always perform security checks on any form-submitted data on the server-side as well as the client-side, because client-side validation is too easy to turn off, so malicious users can still easily send bad data through to your server.
Read Website security for an idea of what could happen; implementing server-side validation is somewhat beyond the scope of this module, but you should bear it in mind. Note that a b is a valid email address according to the default provided constraints. This is because the email input type allows intranet email addresses by default.
To implement different validation behavior, you can use the pattern attribute, and you can also customize the error messages; we'll talk how to use these features in the Client-side form validation article later on. Note: If the data entered is not an email address, the :invalid pseudo-class will match, and the validityState.
Search fields are intended to be used to create search boxes on pages and apps. This type of field is set by using the value search for the type attribute:. The main difference between a text field and a search field is how the browser styles its appearance. Additionally, on devices with dynamic keyboards, the keyboard's enter key may read " search ", or display a magnifying glass icon.
Note that the clear icon only appears if the field has a value, and, apart from Safari, it is only displayed when the field is focused. Another worth-noting feature is that the values of a search field can be automatically saved and re-used to offer auto-completion across multiple pages of the same website; this tends to happen automatically in most modern browsers. A special field for filling in phone numbers can be created using tel as the value of the type attribute:.
Due to the wide variety of phone number formats around the world, this type of field does not enforce any constraints on the value entered by a user this means it may include letters, etc. As we mentioned earlier, the pattern attribute can be used to enforce constraints, which you'll learn about in Client-side form validation. A special type of field for entering URLs can be created using the value url for the type attribute:. It adds special validation constraints to the field.
The browser will report an error if no protocol such as http: is entered, or if the URL is otherwise malformed. On devices with dynamic keyboards, the default keyboard will often display some or all of the colon, period, and forward slash as default keys. Note: Just because the URL is well-formed doesn't necessarily mean that it refers to a location that actually exists! This control looks like a text field but allows only floating-point numbers, and usually provides buttons in the form of a spinner to increase and decrease the value of the control.
On devices with dynamic keyboards, the numeric keyboard is generally displayed. With the number input type, you can constrain the minimum and maximum values allowed by setting the min and max attributes. You can also use the step attribute to set the increment increase and decrease caused by pressing the spinner buttons.
By default, the number input type only validates if the number is an integer. If omitted, the step value defaults to 1 , meaning only whole numbers are valid. Let's look at some examples. The first one below creates a number control whose value is restricted to any value between 1 and 10 , and whose increase and decrease buttons change its value by 2. You'd need to write a custom function that looks at the contents of that string and determines the correct type accordingly. Something like this may suffice, though I've likely missed one or two cases:.
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Values from input elements are stored as strings.
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